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What is an ICD?
An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a small device that monitors the heart and produces an electrical shock when it's needed. The device is similar to a pacemaker and is put under the skin near the collarbone. Some are even combined with a pacemaker, making one device capable of different things.
Why does an ICD need to be placed?
People who have certain types of heart problems may need an ICD to save their lives. The heart relies on electrical signals to beat properly.
Some people may have arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) that could lead to life-threatening problems. Their hearts may beat unevenly and irregularly and then suddenly stop. An electrical shock can force the heart into a regular rhythm. The ICD senses the heart's electrical activity and corrects it by sending a shock when needed.
The ICD can be thought of as an internal AED (automated external defibrillator). You've probably seen AEDs in airports and shopping malls. They are used to restart the heart of someone whose heart has stopped. They have saved many lives. People with an ICD have an automatic, internal device that works like an AED.
How is an ICD placed?
An ICD is similar to a pacemaker, but usually bigger. It is normally put under the skin near the collarbone. The device has a box with a battery and computer parts, which is placed under the skin. Lead wires come from the box and are put into a blood vessel near the shoulder, then are guided to the heart. The leads stay in the heart to sense electrical signals and to deliver necessary shocks.
How long does the procedure take?
The entire process can take several hours. You're put to sleep (under general anesthesia) and the device is surgically positioned under your skin. After everything is in place, the ICD is tested to make sure that it's working properly. Most patients go home after a few days if there are no major problems.
What are the risks?
The operation is considered low risk, so major problems are rare. Bleeding and infection are possible at the incision. The risk of injury to other organs in your chest is very small. There is also a very small risk of death when the device is placed.
This article was reviewed and updated
June 2007.
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